Dead or Alive: JSOC and the Hunt for Osama bin Laden

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- Joint Special Operations Command (wikipedia.org)

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Joint Special Operations Command

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license. It uses material retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Special_Operations_Command on 2011-05-02.

CONTENTS

Overview

Security support

Operations in Pakistan

Operations in Iran

List of JSOC commanders

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

Joint Special Operations Command
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search

Joint Special Operations Command

Emblem of the Joint Special Operations Command

Active

December 15, 1980

Country

United States

Branch

Joint activity

Type

Counter-terrorism

Part of

U.S. Special Operations Command

Nickname

JSOC

Engagements

Operation Urgent Fury (1983)
Operation Just Cause (1989)
Operation Desert Storm (1990)
Operation Provide Comfort (1991)
Operation Gothic Serpent (1993)
Operation Uphold Democracy (1994)
Bosnian War (1996)
Operation Allied Force (1999)
Operation Enduring Freedom (2001)
Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003)

Commanders

Current
commander

VADM William H. McRaven

The Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) is a component command of the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and is charged to study special operations requirements and techniques to ensure interoperability and equipment standardization, plan and conduct special operations exercises and training, and develop Joint Special Operations Tactics. It was established in 1980 on recommendation of Col. Charlie Beckwith, in the aftermath of the failure of Operation Eagle Claw.[1] It is located at Pope Army Air Field and Fort Bragg in North Carolina, USA. JSOC is credited with killing Osama Bin Laden in an operation authorized by President Barack Obama on May 1, 2011 near Islamabad, Pakistan.[2]

Overview

The JSOC is the "joint headquarters designed to study special operations requirements and techniques; ensure interoperability and equipment standardization; plan and conduct joint special operations exercises and training; and develop joint special operations tactics."[3] For this task, the Joint Communications Unit (JCU) is tasked to ensure compatibility of communications systems and standard operating procedures of the different special operations units.

The Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) also commands and controls the Special Mission Units (SMU) of United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM). These units perform highly classified activities.[4][5][6] So far, only three SMUs have been publicly disclosed: The Army's 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment - Delta, the Navy's Naval Special Warfare Development Group, and the Air Force's 24th Special Tactics Squadron.[7] The Intelligence Support Activity is also under JSOC.[8] The ISA collects specific target intelligence prior to SMU missions, and provides signals support, etc. during those missions. The ISA often operates under various cover names, the most recent one being Gray Fox. The army once maintained the Activity, but after September 11 attacks the Pentagon shifted direct control to Joint Special Operations Command at Fort Bragg, NC.[9] If needed, Army Rangers and Night Stalkers can be transferred under the JSOC command. JSOC’s primary mission is believed to be identifying and destroying terrorists and terror cells worldwide.[10]

JSOC has an excellent relationship with the CIA's elite Special Activities Division and the two forces often operate together.[11] The CIA's Special Activities Division's Special Operations Group often selects their recruits from JSOC.[12]

Security support

JSOC has provided support to domestic law enforcement agencies during high profile or high risk events such as the Olympics, the World Cup, political party conventions and Presidential inaugurations. Although use of the military for law enforcement purposes in the United states is generally prohibited by the Posse Comitatus Act, Title 10 of the US Code expressly allows the Secretary of Defense to make military personnel available to train Federal, State, and local civilian law enforcement officials in the operation and maintenance of equipment; and to provide such law enforcement officials with expert advice.[13] Additionally, civilian and uniformed military lawyers said provisions in several federal statutes, including the Fiscal Year 2000 Defense Department Authorization Act, Public Law 106-65, permits the secretary of defense to authorize military forces to support civilian agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in the event of a national emergency, especially any involving nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons.[14]

In January 2005, a small group of commandos were deployed to support security at the Presidential inauguration. They were allegedly deployed under a secret counter-terrorism program named Power Geyser. The New York Times quoted a senior military official as saying, "They bring unique military and technical capabilities that often are centered around potential WMD events," A civil liberties advocate who was told about the program by a reporter said that he had no objections to the program as described to him because its scope appeared to be limited to supporting the counterterrorism efforts of civilian authorities.[14]

Operations in Pakistan

According to The Washington Post, JSOC's commander Lieutenant General Stanley McChrystal operated in 2006 on the understanding with Pakistan that US units will not enter Pakistan except under extreme circumstances, and that Pakistan will deny giving them permission.[15]

That scenario happened according to the Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA), in January 2006, JSOC troops clandestinely entered the village of Saidgai, Pakistan, to hunt for Osama Bin Laden. Pakistan refused entry.[16]

According to a recent report in The Nation, JSOC, in tandem with Blackwater/Xe, has an ongoing drone program, along with snatch/grab/assassination operations, based in Karachi and conducted both in and outside of Pakistan.[17]

In a recent leak published on the Wikileaks website, US embassy communication cables from the US Ambassador to Pakistan Anne W. Patterson states the Pakistani Army approved the deployment of U.S. Special Operations Forces, which include elements from the Joint Special Operations Command were embedded in the Pakistani Army's 11th Corp to provide support for operations targeting militant groups in north and south Waziristan and other areas of Pakistan. The extent of these actions would include assisting in training but also to conduct 'offensive combat operations'. These actions by JSOC elements would be mainly providing intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance assets such as drone {UAV) aircraft..[18]

Operations in Iran

On January 11, 2007, President Bush pledged in a major speech to "seek out and destroy the networks providing advanced weaponry and training to our enemies in Iraq."[19] The next day, in a meeting of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Chairman Senator Joseph Biden (Delaware), informed United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice that the Bush Administration did not have the authority to send US troops on cross-border raids. Biden said, "I believe the present authorization granted the president to use force in Iraq does not cover that, and he does need congressional authority to do that. I just want to set that marker."[20]

Sometime in 2007, JSOC started conducting cross-border operations into Iran from southern Iraq with the CIA. These operation included seizing members of Al-Quds, the commando arm of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard, and taking them to Iraq for interrogation, as well as the pursuit, capture, and/or execution of “high-value targets” in the “war on terror”. The Bush administration allegedly combined the CIA's intelligence operations with JSOC covert military operations so that Congress would only partially see how the money was spent.[21]

List of JSOC commanders

Rank and Name

Start of Term

End of Term

MG Richard Scholtes

December 1980

August 1984

MG Carl Stiner

August 1984

January 1987

MG Gary E. Luck

January 1987

December 1989

MG Wayne A. Downing

December 1989

August 1991

MG William F. Garrison

1992

July 1994

MG Peter J. Schoomaker

July 1994

August 1996

MG Michael Canavan

1 August 1996

1 August 1998

LTG Bryan D. Brown

1998

2000[22]

LTG Dell L. Dailey

2001

March 2003

LTG Stanley McChrystal

September 2003[23]

June 2008

VADM William H. McRaven

June 2008[24]

present

MG Joseph Votel

2011

Incumbent

See also

- Operation Gothic Serpent ; Operation Enduring Freedom

- Central Intelligence Agency's Special Activities Division

- Strategic Support Branch

- 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment - Delta (Delta Force)

- Naval Special Warfare Development Group (SEALs)

- Intelligence Support Activity (The Activity)

References

1. ^ Emerson 1988, p. 26.

2. ^ Ross, Brian; Tapper, Jake; Esposito, Richard; Schifrin, Nick (2 May 2011). "Osama Bin Laden Killed By Navy Seals in Firefight". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/osama-bin-laden-killed-navy-seals-firefight/story?id=13505792. Retrieved 2 May 2011.

3. ^ "Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC)". GlobalSecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/dod/jsoc.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-14.

4. ^ Emerson, Steven (November 13, 1988). "Stymied Warriors". New York Times (SteveEmerson.com). http://www.steveemerson.com/4407/stymied-warriors. Retrieved 2008-03-13.

5. ^ Mark Mazzetti (January 13, 2007). "Pentagon Sees Move in Somalia as Blueprint". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/13/world/africa/13proxy.html?hp&ex=1168664400&en=b347ad3ebab13def&ei=5094&partner=homepage. Retrieved 2008-03-13.

6. ^ Risen, James (September 20, 1998). "The World: Passing the Laugh Test; Pentagon Planners Give New Meaning to 'Over the Top'". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C03E2DE1530F933A1575AC0A96E958260&sec=&spon=. Retrieved 2008-04-10.

7. ^ North, Oliver (2010). American Heroes in Special Operations. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9780805447125. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CODVISdxxssC&pg=PA9&dq=tier+one+special+forces&hl=en&ei=6Eq6TPrOBoKhOuWa2MQM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAg#v=snippet&q=jsoc&f=false.

8. ^ GlobalSecurity.org JSOC entry

9. ^ Rowan Scarborough (March 15, 2004). "Agencies unite to find bin Laden". Washington Times. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/mar/15/20040315-122940-5507r/. Retrieved 2009-03-15.

10. ^ Feickert, Andrew (April 17, 2006). U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Issues for Congress

11. ^ Woodward, Bob (November 18, 2001). "Secret CIA Units Playing A Central Combat Role". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/18/AR2007111800675.html. Retrieved 2008-10-26.

12. ^ Waller, Douglas (February 3, 2003). "The CIA's Secret Army". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1004145,00.html. Retrieved 2008-10-26.

13. ^ "US Code Title 10, § 373. Training and advising civilian law enforcement officials". Cornell University Law School. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00000373----000-.html. Retrieved 2009-03-16.

14. ^ [a] [b] Schmitt, Eric (January 23, 2005). "Commandos Get Duty on U.S. Soil". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/23/national/nationalspecial3/23code.html. Retrieved 2009-03-16.

15. ^ Priest, Dana and Tyson, Ann Scott (September 10, 2006). "Bin Laden Trail 'Stone Cold'". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/09/AR2006090901105.html. Retrieved 2009-03-15.

16. ^ "Special US unit can enter Pakistan at will to hunt Osama". GlobalSecurity.org. September 11, 2006. http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/pakistan/2006/pakistan-060911-irna01.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-15.

17. ^ Jeremy Scahill (November 23, 2009). "Blackwater's Secret War in Pakistan". TheNation.Com. http://www.thenation.com/doc/20091207/scahill. Retrieved 2009-11-27d.

18. ^ {{cite web On May 1, 2011, it was reported that a special JSOC unit was responsible for killing Osama Bin Laden in his secret hiding place in Pakistan. |url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/thenation/20101201/cm_thenation/156765 |title=The (Not So) Secret (Anymore) US War in Pakistan |publisher=TheNation.Com |author=Jeremy Scahill |date=December 01, 2010 }}

19. ^ "Full Transcript Of Bush's Iraq Speech". CBS News. 2007-01-10. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/10/iraq/main2349882.shtml. Retrieved 2009-03-15.

20. ^ "Senators fear Iraq war may spill to Iran, Syria". Reuters. January 11, 2007. http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN1149205420070111. Retrieved 2009-03-15.

21. ^ Reid, Marsha (July 7, 2008). "Covert ops in Iran". Geopolitical Monitor. http://www.geopoliticalmonitor.com/content/weekly_forecasts/2008-07-07/us-escalating-covert-ops-in-iran/. Retrieved 2009-03-15.

22. ^ General Bryan D. Brown Aurora, Flight Sciences Corporation

23. ^ Priest, Dana and Tyson, Ann Scott (September 10, 2006). "Bin Laden Trail 'Stone Cold'". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/09/AR2006090901105.html. Retrieved 2009-03-15.

24. ^ "Vice Admiral Named JSOC Head". military.com / McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. June 14, 2008. http://www.military.com/news/article/vice-admiral-named-jsoc-head.html?ESRC=topstories.RSS. Retrieved 2009-03-15.

Bibliography

- Berntsen, Gary; Pezzulo, Ralph (2005-12-27). Jawbreaker: The Attack on Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda: A Personal Account by the CIA's Key Field Commander. Crown. pp. 352. ISBN 0307351068. http://www.amazon.com/Jawbreaker-Attack-Personal-Account-Commander/dp/0307237400.

- Daugherty, William J. (2006-06-02). Executive Secrets: Covert Action and the Presidency. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 328. ISBN 0813191610. http://www.amazon.com/Executive-Secrets-Covert-Action-Presidency/dp/0813191610.

- Emerson, Steven (1988). Secret Warriors: Inside the Covert Military Operations of the Reagan Era. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 256. ISBN 0-399-13360-7. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joint_Special_Operations_Command&action=edit&section=9. http://www.amazon.com/Killer-Elite-Americas-Special-Operations/dp/0312362722.

- Smith, Michael (2006). Killer Elite: The Inside Story of America's Most Secret Special Operations Team. London: Cassell. pp. 352. ISBN 0-3043-6727-3. http://www.michaelsmithwriter.com/books_special.html.

- Steven, Graeme C. S. and Gunaratna, Rohan (September 14, 2004). Counterterrorism: A Reference Handbook. Contemporary World Issues. pp. 293. ISBN 978-1851096664. http://books.google.com/books?id=9Ljhn2R_YF8C&pg=PA230&lpg=PA230&dq=PDD-25+jsoc&source=bl&ots=qCo8G_X5nc&sig=YVSO2CUU45XmDiaveuXqxXgQmsM&hl=en&ei=I2m9SfPpE4mQtQOsvZ00&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA230,M1.

External links

- ShadowSpear Special Operations: JSOC

- Special Ops say lives were on line in Lynch's rescue, by The Washington Times

- US special operations come of age, by Global Defence Review

v · d · e

United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM)

Portal:Military of the United States

United States Army
USASOC

Special Forces · 75th Ranger Regiment · 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment

United States Marine Corps
MARSOC

Part of SOCOM: Marine Special Operations Regiment
Not part of SOCOM: Force Recon · Division Recon · other USMC Special Ops Capable

United States Navy
NAVSPECWARCOM

Navy SEALs · Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen

United States Air Force
AFSOC

Units: 1st Special Operations Wing · 27th Special Operations Wing · 352nd Special Operations Group · 353rd Special Operations Group
Types: Air Force Pararescue · Combat Control Team · Special Operations Weather · SERE · Tactical Air Control Party

Special Missions Units
JSOC

Army: 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Delta Force) · Intelligence Support Activity
Navy: Naval Special Warfare Development Group (DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six)
Air Force: 24th Special Tactics Squadron
Other: Advanced Force Operations (AFO)

Source: SOCOM Fact Book

Death of Osama bin Laden

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license. It uses material retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Osama_bin_Laden on 2011-05-02.

CONTENTS

Locating Osama bin Laden

Raid

Aftermath

Allegations against Pakistan

Reactions

United States

Pakistan

Islamist groups

International

See also

References

External links

Death of Osama bin Laden
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search

This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses.

Death of Osama bin Laden

Other names

Usama bin Laden

Participants

United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group, Central Intelligence Agency, Joint Special Operations Command

Location

Abbottabad, Pakistan

Date

May 2, 2011 (2011-05-02)

Deaths

Osama bin Laden, Osama bin Laden's son, two unidentified men, one unidentified woman

Abbottabad

Islamabad
Map of Pakistan showing Abbottabad (green), where bin Laden was killed, and the capital, Islamabad (red). Abbottabad is 32 miles (51 km) north of Islamabad.

The death of Osama bin Laden was reported by international news media, as taking place on Monday, May 2, 2011, at approximately 02:30 UTC, and officially announced by U.S. President Barack Obama about an hour later.[1] At about 1:00 A.M. local time on May 2, (19:00 UTC, May 1), United States military forces shot and killed Osama bin Laden after a 40-minute firefight in Abbottabad, Pakistan, and then seized his body.[2][3][4] The operation was carried out by 25 members of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group[5] (formerly known as SEAL Team 6) under the command of the Joint Special Operations Command forces in Pakistan working with the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

After careful monitoring of a compound suspected to be bin Laden's Pakistani residence, U.S. military forces were sent across the border of Afghanistan to launch the attack.[6] Pakistani officials confirmed that bin Laden was killed in Pakistan by the U.S. military.[7]

The body was recovered by the U.S. military and was in its possession.[6][8] ABC News has reported that the body has been identified by DNA testing.[6] However, Reuters reports that DNA test results will be available in the next few days and that bin Laden's body was identified using facial recognition techniques.[9]

The death of bin Laden was celebrated in the United States and welcomed by NATO, the European Union and a large number of countries as a positive and significant turning point for the security of the world. Iran and the Muslim Brotherhood said that the West must pull out of the Middle East following the event. The Hamas administration of the Gaza Strip condemned the killing of a "Muslim and Arab warrior".

Locating Osama bin Laden

View of Abbottabad

American intelligence officials discovered the whereabouts of Osama bin Laden by tracking one of his couriers. Information was collected from Guantánamo Bay detainees, who gave intelligence officers the courier's pseudonym and said that he was a protégé of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. In 2007, U.S. officials discovered the courier's real name and in 2009, where he lived. In August 2010, the courier's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, was located at34°11′16″N 73°14′33″E / 34.187666°N 73.24262°E / 34.187666; 73.24262Coordinates: 34°11′16″N 73°14′33″E / 34.187666°N 73.24262°E / 34.187666; 73.24262. Using satellite photos and intelligence reports, the CIA surmised the inhabitants of the mansion. In September, the CIA concluded that the compound was "custom built to hide someone of significance" and that bin Laden's residence there was very likely.[10][11] Officials guessed that he was with his youngest wife.[11]

Built in 2005, the million-dollar three-story[12] mansion was located on an "imposing hilltop" on the outer bounds of the city,[10] and had high security. About eight times the size of nearby houses, it was surrounded by 12-to-18-foot (3.7-5.5 m)[11] concrete walls topped with barbed wire.[10] There were two security gates, and the third-floor balcony had a seven-foot-high (2.1 m) privacy wall.[12] Residents burned their trash, unlike their neighbors, who simply set it out for collection. The compound was located a few hundred yards from Pakistan Military Academy (PMA).[13][14]

President Obama met with his security advisors on March 14, 2011, in the first of five security meetings over six weeks. On April 29, at 8:20 a.m., Obama convened with Thomas Donilon, John O. Brennan, and other security advisers in the Diplomatic Room, where he authorized a raid of the Abbottabad compound. The government of Pakistan was not informed of this decision.[10]

Raid

The raid was carried out jointly by 20–25 helicopter-borne United States Navy SEALs under the command of the Joint Special Operations Command in cooperation with the CIA. According to Obama administration officials the information about the raid was not shared with the government of Pakistan before the operation;[15] it was notified of the operation after it was successfully completed.[16] According to the Pakistani foreign ministry, the operation was conducted entirely by the U.S. forces,[17] however, Pakistan ISI officials stated that they were also present at what they called a joint operation.[14]

The SEALs stormed the compound at approximately 1 a.m. local time (20:00, May 1 (UTC))[18] and engaged bin Laden and his men in a firefight.[19] The raid lasted about 40 minutes. Three other men present at the compound were also reportedly killed in the operation, including an adult son of bin Laden.[20] Osama bin Laden was shot in the head.[21] The helicopter they used to breach the mansion walls suffered a mechanical breakdown and could not fly the team out. The SEALs burned the helicopter to secure intelligence[11] and carried out bin Laden's body on foot.[22]

The other two men were reported to be couriers for bin Laden. A woman was also reported killed in the operation; according to an unnamed U.S. official, one of the men had tried to use her as a human shield.[23] Two other women were injured.[24] Karachi's Geo News described a helicopter crash and "heavy firing" on the evening of May 1 "near the PMA Kakul Road".[25]

Details of the raid, observed from a distance, were tweeted by a resident of Abbottabad, who did not know what was happening.[26][27][28]

According to a U.S. official on May 2, bin Laden's body was handled in accordance with Islamic practice and tradition,[29] and was buried at sea soon after death, in accordance with Islamic tradition.[30][31][32]

Aftermath

An unnamed Pakistani government official confirmed to Agence France-Presse on May 2 that bin Laden was killed in the operation.[33] The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan issued a statement on May 2 denying that bin Laden had been killed.[34] Hours later, Pakistani Taliban spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan said that if bin Laden had, in fact, been killed, it was, "a great victory for us because martyrdom is the aim of all of us" and vowed to take revenge on Pakistan and the United States.[35]

Bin Laden's body was buried at sea less than a day after his death.[36] A burial at sea also leaves no definitive location, thus preventing a burial site from becoming a "terrorist shrine".[37] The Guardian has questioned whether bin Laden's grave would have been a shrine, as that concept is rejected by Wahhabism. It quotes a U.S. official explaining the difficulty of finding a country that would accept the burial of bin Laden in its soil.[38]

Allegations against Pakistan

Numerous allegations were made that the government of Pakistan was involved in shielding bin Laden.[14][39] Aspects of the incident that have fueled the allegations include the close location of bin Laden's heavily fortified compound to the Pakistan Military Academy, that the United States apparently did not notify the Pakistani authorities before the operation, and the alleged double standards of Pakistan regarding the perpetrators of the 2008 Mumbai attacks.[40][41][42][43]

British MP Khalid Mahmood stated that he was "flabbergasted and shocked" after he learned that bin Laden was living in a city with thousands of Pakistani troops, reviving questions about alleged links between al-Qaeda and elements in Pakistan's security forces.[13]

Reactions

United States

President Obama's address

Late in the evening of May 1, 2011, major American news organizations were informed that the president would give an important speech on an undisclosed subject. Rumors initially spread wildly about the subject,[44] until it was revealed that Obama was to announce the death of Osama bin Laden. At 11:30 p.m. EDT (May 2, 2011, 3:30 UTC), President Barack Obama confirmed this and said that bin Laden had been killed by "a small team of Americans".[45] He explained how the killing of bin Laden was achieved after following up on a lead from August 2010, what his role was in the series of events, and what the death of bin Laden meant on a symbolic and practical level.

“

Today, at my direction, the United States launched a targeted operation against that compound, in Abbottabad, Pakistan. A small team of Americans carried out the operation with extraordinary courage and capability. No Americans were harmed. They took care to avoid civilian casualties. After a firefight, they killed Osama bin Laden and took custody of his body.

”

—President Barack Obama, May 1, 2011[46]

Americans reacting to the death of Osama bin Laden in front of the White House

Within minutes of the official announcement, crowds gathered spontaneously outside the White House, Ground Zero, the Pentagon and in New York's Times Square to celebrate.[4] In Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit with a large Muslim and Arab population, a small crowd gathered outside the City Hall in celebration, many of them being of Middle Eastern descent.[47] From the beginning to the end of Obama's speech, 4,000 tweets per second were sent on Twitter.[48] Fans attending a nationally televised Major League Baseball game between two National League East rivals, the Philadelphia Phillies and the New York Mets, at Citizens Bank Park initiated U-S-A! cheers in response to the news.[49] Likewise, at WWE Extreme Rules 2011; a pay-per-view broadcast emanating from the St. Pete Times Forum in Tampa, Florida newly crowned WWE Champion John Cena announced the news to the audience following the event's conclusion, resulting in a massive "U-S-A!" chant from the crowd.[50] Several observers expressed disgust at these acts of celebration, labelling them as inappropriate.[51][52][53][54]

Former President George W. Bush said that "This momentous achievement marks a victory for America, for people who seek peace around the world, and for all those who lost loved ones on September 11, 2001."[55] The event was also applauded by other Republican leaders, including former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney, former Minnesota governor Tim Pawlenty and Senator John McCain.[56] Former President Bill Clinton described it as "a profoundly important moment for people all over the world who want to build a common future of peace, freedom, and cooperation for our children."[57] New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg said that he hoped the death of bin Laden "would comfort those who lost loved ones" in the September 11, 2001 attacks.[58] Former National Security Advisor and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice characterized the news as "Absolutely thrilling", adding that she was "overwhelmed with gratitude and continue[s] to be amazed at what our military has achieved."[59]

Pakistan

Following the death of bin Laden, President Asif Ali Zardari convened emergency talks with Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani and security chiefs in Islamabad.[60] Pakistan's military officials declined to comment, referring questions to the foreign ministry.[61] Yousaf Raza Gillani said "We will not allow our soil to be used against any other country for terrorism and therefore I think it's a great victory, it's a success and I congratulate the success of this operation."[62]

Islamist groups

- Muslim Brotherhood second-in-command Mahmud Ezzat said: "Islam is not bin Laden. After September 11, there had been a lot of confusion. Terrorism was mixed up with Islam. In the coming phase, everyone will be looking to the West for just behaviour." He added that, with bin Laden dead, the western forces should now pull out of Iraq and Afghanistan.[63]

- A spokesman for the Taliban in Pakistan said: "If he [bin Laden] has been martyred, we will avenge his death and launch attacks against American and Pakistani governments and their security forces... If he has become a martyr, it is a great victory for us because martyrdom is the aim of all of us."[63]

- A member of Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula said: "This news has been a catastrophe for us. At first we did not believe it, but we got in touch with our brothers in Pakistan who have confirmed it."[63]

International

- Afghanistan – President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai, speaking on the death of bin Laden has said, “It’s wonderful. It’s great news,” elaborating that bin Laden has "been one of the key enemies of humanity, civilization, and it’s really been a major problem for the human race."[64] He emphasized that "Afghanistan was right" in saying that "the fighting against terrorism is not in the villages of Afghanistan, not among the poor people of Afghanistan", but in "safe havens",[65] and called on the Taliban to lay down their arms.

- Australia – Prime Minister Julia Gillard welcomed news of bin Laden's death, saying "Osama bin Laden declared war on innocent people and today he has paid the price for that declaration."[66] She also said it was "a small measure of justice",[67] but stated that the "War on Terror is not over", and "must be continued".[68]

- Austria – Austrian Foreign Minister Michael Spindelegger welcomed the news, calling it "a relief for many people", but warned that it must not be interpreted as a "final victory over terrorism."[69]

- Canada – Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper said that the death of Osama bin Laden "secures a sense of justice for the families of the 24 Canadians murdered" (on September 11, 2001) and said that "Canada receives the news of the death of Osama bin Laden with sober satisfaction."[70]

- Colombia – Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos congratulated President Obama, stating in a press release that the raid "proves once again that terrorists, sooner or later, always fall. In the global fight against terrorism there is only one way: to persevere, persevere and persevere."[71]

- Czech Republic – Czech Prime Minister Petr Nečas said that "the death of Osama bin Laden is a significant milestone in the fight against terrorism, in the effort to secure world, though it is not far from its end. It is an important symbolic message to the survivors of victims of terrorist attacks by Al Qaeda and a clear signal to all parties without respect for law and human lives anywhere in the world: destroyed human life can not be replaced, but its marred don't stay unpunished."[72]

- Denmark – the Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen congratulated the U.S. on the death of bin Laden. "I congratulate President Obama and the American people, with the success in finishing the era of bin Laden's unscrupulous and inhumane violence and destruction" he said.[73]

- European Union – the President of the European Parliament, Jerzy Buzek said, "We have woken up in a more secure world."[74]

- France – French Foreign Minister Alain Juppé said on state radio that bin Laden's death is a "victory for all democracies fighting the abominable scourge of terrorism." He went on to say, "France, the United States and European states work closely together to fight terrorism, so I'm overjoyed at the news."[75]

- Gaza Strip – Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh condemned the killing of Bin Laden and said that the operation is "the continuation of the American oppression and shedding of blood of Muslims and Arabs." Haniyeh also said that Hamas condemns the assassination of "a Muslim and Arabic warrior" and prays that bin Laden's "soul rests in peace." [76][63]

- Germany – German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle said, "That a stop could be put to this terrorist's bloody trade is good news for all peace-loving and free-thinking people in the world."[77]

- Hungary – Hungarian Foreign Minister János Martonyi said, "The death of Osama bin Laden is a major success in the war on international terrorism, but it doesn't mean the end of this war. A very important and determined enemy of our entire civilization has fallen."[78]

- India – Minister for Home Affairs P. Chidambaram said that Osama bin Laden hiding "deep inside" Pakistan was a matter of grave concern for India and showed that "many of the perpetrators of the Mumbai terror attacks, including the controllers and the handlers of the terrorists who actually carried out the attack, continue to be sheltered in Pakistan." He also called on Pakistan to arrest them.[79] Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh said "I welcome it as a significant step forward and hope that it will deal a decisive blow to Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups. The international community and Pakistan in particular must work comprehensively to end the activities of all such groups who threaten civilized behaviour and kill innocent men, women and children."[80]

- Iran – Foreign Ministry spokesman Ramin Mehmanparast said bin Laden's death meant that the "US and their allies have no more excuse to deploy forces in the Middle East under (the) pretext of fighting terrorism". He hoped that the killing would "establish peace and security in the region," adding that it is Iran's policy to "strongly condemn terrorism all over the world."[63] Alaeddin Boroujerdi, head of the Iranian Parliament's foreign policy commission, stated, "If it is true, then the killing of bin Laden 10 years after the September 11 incident is no big deal."[81]

- Ireland -- Taoiseach Enda Kenny said the removal of bin Laden's ability to plot heinous acts is a major achievement in the effort to rid the world of the threat of terrorism.[82]

- Israel – Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that bin Laden's death was a "resounding triumph for democratic nations fighting terrorism."[83]

- Italy – Prime Minister of Italy Silvio Berlusconi said of bin Laden's killing "This is a great outcome in the fight against evil, in the fight against terrorism, a great outcome for the United States and for all democracies."[62]

- Japan – the Foreign Minister of Japan, Takeaki Matsumoto said, "I pay respect to the US officials concerned. While his death was confirmed, it does not mean that terrorism was eliminated."[84]

- Kenya – Kenyan Prime Minister Raila Odinga said "It's a major achievement in the war against terrorism."[85]

- Libya – Libyan rebel Air Force Colonel Ahmed Omar Bani stated that "We are very happy and we are waiting for the next step. We want the Americans to do the same to Gaddafi."[86]

- Malaysia – Home Minister Hishammuddin Hussein says he hopes that the death of bin Laden would help bring universal peace and harmony.[87]

- Mexico – Foreign Secretary Patricia Espinosa Cantellano said "It is of great importance in efforts to free the world from the scourge of terrorism, which threatens peace and security, particularly one who leads one of the most ruthless and bloody terrorist organizations in the world."[88]"

- NATO – NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen says the killing of Bin Laden is a "significant success" for the security of NATO allies, Reuters reports.[89]

- New Zealand – New Zealand Prime Minister John Key stated that "the world is a safer place without Osama bin Laden", but "bin Laden's death may not mean an end to terrorism".[90]

- Netherlands – Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte praises the courage and the determination that people showed during the mission. He further says that this is a major blow to the Al-Queda network. He has presented his compliments to President Obama but also said this is not the end of terrorism.[91]

- Norway – Norwegian Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Støre called the death of Osama bin Laden "a break-through in the fight against terror," but insisted that the threat from al-Qaida remained.[92]

- Palestinian Authority – "Getting rid of Bin Laden is good for the cause of peace worldwide but what counts is to overcome the discourse and the methods — the violent methods — that were created and encouraged by Bin Laden and others in the world," said spokesman Ghassan Khatib.[89] Hamas official Ismail Haniyeh released a contrary statement saying in part, "We condemn the assassination and the killing of an Arab holy warrior. We ask God to offer him mercy with the true believers and the martyrs."[93]

- Poland – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said, "Justice may be done. Congratulations to Allies. We are pleased with the American people."[94]

- Philippines – The Philippine National Police described bin Laden's death as "a victory for all peace loving citizens and a major blow to terrorists and terrorism." Authorities in the Philippines believe that there are people who are linked to bin Laden's al-Qaeda network and may commit a retaliation attack.[95]

- Portugal – The President of Portugal, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, sent a message to the President of the United states in which he expressed his solidarity with the feelings of the American people when the outcome of the military operation of which ended with the death of Osama bin Laden became known.[96]

- Russia – "Russia was among the first countries to face the dangers inherent in global terrorism, and unfortunately knows what al Qaeda is not from hearsay," the Kremlin said. "Retribution will inevitably reach all terrorists." [97]

- Singapore – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said, "the killing of Osama bin Laden [...] is a significant milestone in the struggle against international terrorism."[98]

- Sweden – Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt wrote a tweet saying that "A world without Osama Bin Laden is a better world. His hatred was a threat to us all."[99]

- Turkey – President Abdullah Gul said that bin Laden's death "should teach a lesson that the leader of the world's most dangerous and sophisticated terrorist organization is captured this way."[77]

- United Kingdom – Prime Minister David Cameron said that bin Laden's death would "bring great relief" around the world.[83]

- Vatican City – Vatican spokesman Fr. Federico Lombardi said that while Christians "do not rejoice" over a death, bin Laden's death serves to remind them of "each person's responsibility before God and men," expressing hope that bin Laden's death "would not be an occasion for more hate, but for peace." The Vatican went on to say that Osama bin Laden must answer to God for having killed an innumerable number of people and exploiting religion.[100]

- Yemen – A government official described bin Laden' death as "a truly historic moment". "We welcome the news ... millions of people will sleep in peace tonight, Osama bin Laden was more of a symbolic figure, a spiritual leader for al Qaeda. But this is definitely a strong blow to the organization," said the official, who did not want to be named because he is not authorized to talk to the media."[97]

See also

Pakistan portal

Military of the United States portal

Terrorism portal

Death portal

- FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives

- High-value target

- Manhunt (military)

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100. ^ "Vatican says Bin Laden will have to Answer to God". Reuters. May 2, 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/02/us-binladen-vatican-idUSTRE74121M20110502. Retrieved May 2, 2011.

External links

Wikinews has related news: Osama bin Laden dead, report US officials

- Transcript and video of Obama's speech - White House

v · d · eOsama bin Laden

Childhood, education, and personal life · Bin Laden family · Militant activity · Beliefs and ideology · Location · Videos · Criticism · In popular culture · Assassination attempts · Issue Station · Death

v · d · eWar on Terror

Participants

Operational

ISAF · Operation Enduring Freedom participants · Afghanistan · Northern Alliance · Iraq (Iraqi Armed Forces) · NATO · Pakistan · United Kingdom · United States · Philippines · Ethiopia

Targets

Al-Qaeda · Osama bin Laden · Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula · Anwar al-Awlaki · Abu Sayyaf · Iraqi insurgency · Hamas · Islamic Courts Union · Jemaah Islamiyah · Taliban · Jaish-e-Mohammed · Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami · Hizbul Mujahideen · Hezbollah · Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan · Lashkar-e-Taiba · Mujahideen

Conflicts

Operation
Enduring Freedom

War in Afghanistan · OEF - Philippines · Georgia Train and Equip Program · Georgia Sustainment and Stability · OEF - Horn of Africa · OEF - Trans Sahara · Missile strikes in Pakistan

Other

Insurgency in the Maghreb · Iraq War · Insurgency in Saudi Arabia · War in North-West Pakistan · South Thailand insurgency · War in Somalia · Lebanon-Fatah al-Islam conflict · Insurgency in the Philippines · Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown

See also

Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse · Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act · Axis of evil · Bush Doctrine · CIA-run Black sites · The Clash of Civilizations · Combatant Status Review Tribunal · Criticism of the War on Terror · Death of Osama bin Laden · Enhanced interrogation techniques · Extrajudicial prisoners of the US · Extraordinary rendition · Guantanamo Bay detention camp · Military Commissions Act · NSA electronic surveillance program · Pakistani role · Luis Posada Carriles · President's Surveillance Program · Protect America Act of 2007 · Targeted killing · Targeted Killing in International Law · Unitary executive theory · Unlawful combatant · USA PATRIOT Act

Terrorism · War